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A new proxy measurement algorithm with application to the estimation of vertical ground reaction forces using wearable sensors

机译：一种新的代理测量算法，可用于可穿戴传感器估算地面垂直反作用力

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Measurement of the ground reaction forces (GRF) during walking is typically limited to laboratory settings, and only short observations using wearable pressure insoles have been reported so far. In this study, a new proxy measurement method is proposed to estimate the vertical component of the GRF (vGRF) from wearable accelerometer signals. The accelerations are used as the proxy variable. An orthogonal forward regression algorithm (OFR) is employed to identify the dynamic relationships between the proxy variables and the measured vGRF using pressure-sensing insoles. The obtained model, which represents the connection between the proxy variable and the vGRF, is then used to predict the latter. The results have been validated using pressure insoles data collected from nine healthy individuals under two outdoor walking tasks in non-laboratory settings. The results show that the vGRFs can be reconstructed with high accuracy (with an average prediction error of less than 5.0%) using only one wearable sensor mounted at the waist (L5, fifth lumbar vertebra). Proxy measures with different sensor positions are also discussed. Results show that the waist acceleration-based proxy measurement is more stable with less inter-task and inter-subject variability than the proxy measures based on forehead level accelerations. The proposed proxy measure provides a promising low-cost method for monitoring ground reaction forces in real-life settings and introduces a novel generic approach for replacing the direct determination of difficult to measure variables in many applications.
机译：步行过程中地面反作用力（GRF）的测量通常仅限于实验室环境，到目前为止，仅报道了使用可穿戴压力鞋垫的简短观察结果。在这项研究中，提出了一种新的代理测量方法，用于从可穿戴式加速度计信号中估算GRF（vGRF）的垂直分量。加速度用作代理变量。采用正交前向回归算法（OFR）来使用压力感应鞋垫来识别代理变量和测得的vGRF之间的动态关系。然后，将代表代理变量和vGRF之间连接的获得的模型用于预测后者。使用非实验室环境中两次户外步行任务下从九名健康个体收集的压力鞋垫数据对结果进行了验证。结果表明，仅使用一个安装在腰部（L5，第五个腰椎）的可穿戴传感器，就可以高精度地重建vGRF（平均预测误差小于5.0％）。还讨论了具有不同传感器位置的代理度量。结果表明，基于腰部加速度的代理测量比基于额头水平加速度的代理测量更稳定，任务间和受试者之间的变异性更小。拟议的替代措施提供了一种在现实环境中监测地面反作用力的有前途的低成本方法，并引入了一种新颖的通用方法来代替在许多应用中直接确定难于测量的变量。

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